Флип флоп портрет своими руками
Если вы хотите с нуля создать такой портрет с пленкой своими руками, то эта инструкция вам пригодится. В ней я расскажу, как создать флип флоп портрет своими руками.
- Для начала нужно выбрать фотографию хорошего качества. Желательно, чтобы человек на фото смотрел в камеру, и лицо целиком помещалось в кадр.
- По этой фотографии в специальной программе Corel Draw и при помощи графического планшета вручную рисуется эскиз. Эскиз рисуется художником, также как карандашом на бумаге. Графический планшет и программное обеспечение нужно только для того, чтобы перенести макет в специальный файл в цифровом виде.
- Файл с готовым макетом отправляется на резку. Резка производится специальным устройством, которое называется каттер или режущий плоттер. Это почти то же самое, что принтер, но он не печатает рисунок на бумаге, а вырезает его из виниловой пленки.
- Вырезанный из пленки трафарет наклеивается на холст. Холст нужно выбрать грунтованный, качественный, лучше из 100% хлопка. Также позаботьтесь о том, чтобы холст был надежно и качественно натянут на крепкий подрамник.
- Все готово для создания флип флоп портрета. Остается только раскрасить холст акриловыми красками и подождать пока краска высохнет.
- Затем берет кусок монтажной пленки размером с холст и аккуратно наклеиваете ее на всю поверхность картирны.
- Снимаете монтажную пленку, и вместе с ней снимается заранее наклеенный трафарет. В результате получается готовый флип флоп портрет.
Как видите, для создания такого подарка придется немного потрудиться, к тому же реально качественное произведение получится только если вы умеете хорошо рисовать и у вас есть некоторые технические возможности для ремесленничества.
Но, в общем-то, ничего особенно сложного в создании флип флоп портрета своими руками нет.
В любом случае, это того стоит.
A Universal Programmable Flip-flop
The JK Flip-flop is also called a programmable flip-flop because, using its inputs, J, K, S and R, it can be made to mimic the action of any of the other flip-flop types.
Fig. 5.4.1 shows the basic configuration (without S and R inputs) for a JK flip-flop using only four NAND gates. The circuit is similar to the shown in Fig. 5.2.7, (Digital Electronics Module 5.2) but in Fig. 5.4.1, it can be seen that although the clock input is the same as in the clocked SR flip-flop, gate NAND 1 in Fig. 5.4.1 is now a three input gate and the set input (S) been replaced by an input labeled J, and the third input provides feedback from the Q output.
On NAND 2 the reset input (R) of Fig 5.2.7 has been replaced by input K and there is an additional feedback connection from Q. The purpose of this feedback is to eliminate the indeterminate state that occurred on the SR flip-flop when both inputs were made logic 0 at the same time.
Types of Flip-flops
Basically flip-flops are 4 types. These are-
- S-R FF
- D FF
- J-K FF
- T FF
Set-Reset or S-R FF:
The name of this flip-flop derives its name from set and reset states. They are also known as preset and clear states.
- The S-R FF is a first and basic FF, which has two inputs – S and R.
- S stands for “Set” and R stands for “Reset”.
- The input of FF is called SET if its output Q has a high value or ‘1’ state, and when it is called RESET, if output Q has a low value or ‘0’ state.
- Both the outputs are the complement of each other (i.e., output Q′ and Q ). Its output depends on the present as well as the previously stored output.
- The characteristic equation is Q_{n+1}=S+\bar{R}.Q_{n}.
- The internal circuit and the excitation table of the S-R FF is shown below
S-R Flip Flop & Characteristic Table
Input Conditions
- S =R= 0 is the normal resting or no change condition of the FF. In this condition, the output ports (Q and Q’) hold the previous states, either 0 or 1.
- S = 0 and R = 1 is the resets or clears state of the FF. It is because RESET has a high or ‘1’ state.
- S =1 and R =0 is the set state of the FF. It is because SET has a high or ‘1’ state.
- S = R = 1 is forbidden state of the FF. It is because both the input has a high or ‘1’ state at the same time.
Delay or D-FF:
The letter D in the D flip-flop stands for “data” as this flip-flop stores single bit temporarily.
- The S-R Flip Flop is a forbidden state. To remove this condition from the FF, connect the input terminal of S–R flip-flop with each other via an inverter or NOT gate.
- The internal structure of D FF is shown below. The inverter or NOT gate placed for ensuring that inputs S and R will never equal.
- The structure of D-FF is the same as S-R FF except for a single input terminal.
- There are D stands for ‘Delay” because the inverter produces a small delay between both the input of FF that is directly shown in outputs.
- The characteristic equation is Qn+1 = D
D Flip-flop & Characteristic Table
J-K FF:
The JK flip-flop is the most versatile of the basic flip-flops. The input of a JK flip-flop has two inputs that are traditionally labelled as J and K with no other significance to JK except being consecutive alphabets.
- The forbidden state output of S-R FF is removed in D FF, by joining both the inputs via an inverter or NOT gate. But the D FF has a single input terminal.
- The J-K FF is similar to S-R FF because it has 2 inputs i.e., J and K.
- The characteristic equation is Q_{n+1}=J.\bar{Q_{n}}+\bar{K}.Q_{n}
- Both the inputs of J-K FF are high or ‘1’, the output toggles and the forbidden or ambiguous state are removed.
J-K Flip-flop & Characteristic Table
Toggle or T-FF:
T flip-flop also known as trigger/toggle flip-flop is the fourth type of flip-flop. It can be constructed from SR, D, and JK flip-flops.
- The two input terminal of J-K flip-flop is connected to each other a new flip-flop is formed, which is called T Flip-flop.
- T stands for “Toggle”.
- The input of T flip-flop is high or ‘1’, the output toggles. This condition is called a toggle mode.
- The input of T flip-flop is low or ‘0’, the output hold. This condition is called hold mode.
- The characteristic equation is Q_{n+1}=T.\bar{Q_{n}}+Q_{n}.\bar{K}
T Flip-flop & Characteristic Table
Excitation
Table
It shows the inputs of flip-flops when the next state and present state are known.
In the design process, generally the values of transition from the present state to the next state are known and the inputs conditions are unknown. To find the input conditions with the help of these required transition values. There is a requirement of a table that gives a relation between inputs of flip-flop and its present and next state. Such a list is called an excitation table.
Excitation Table
Разница между D-защелкой и D-триггером
| Защелка D | D-шлепанцы |
| Защелка D — это закрытая защелка SR, у которой нет тактового входа. | D-триггер — это комбинация D-защелки с тактовым входом |
| Менее сложная схема | Комплексная схема |
| D-защелка имеет разрешающий сигнал, который может включать или отключать работу защелки. | D-триггер имеет тактовый сигнал, который может удерживать или управлять триггером, когда нет входа установки или сброса. |
| Защелка D может быть активной защелкой высокого входа или активной защелкой низкого входа. | D-триггер, в котором вход данных всегда активен на высоком уровне, где вход установки или сброса может быть активным высоким или активным низким входом. |
| Защелка D — это всегда цепь срабатывания уровня. | D-триггер может быть схемой с запуском по уровню или по фронту. |
| Меньшее количество транзистор требуется для дизайна. | Для проектирования требуется большее количество транзисторов. |
| Асинхронный по своей природе. | В целом синхронный характер. |
The Slave Flip-flop
With the output of Gate G5 at logic 0 and G6 output at logic 1, gates G7 and G8, which form a low activated SR flip-flop is set, and so Q becomes logic 1 and Q becomes logic 0.
The output conditions are now inverted, and this change is fed back to the input gates G1 and G2. However these are now both disabled because the clock input is already low, so the master flip-flop is not affected.
The arrival of the rising edge of the next clock pulse then allows the new logic levels at Q and Q into the feedback inputs to gates G1 and G2 to be fed into the master flip-flop as before, but this time Q is at logic 1, so it is gate G2 that will be enabled at the rising edge of the clock pulse.
Now, as the clock pulse goes to logic 1 the master flip-flop will be reset, q1 will go to logic 0 and at the falling edge of the clock pulse the transfer gates will pass the data to the slave flip flop setting Q back to logic 0, so the Q and Q outputs toggle once more.
Как создаются флип-флоп портреты
Подробное описание технологии флип – флоп удивляет своей простотой:
- заранее готовится холст, на который нанесен готовый портрет;
- его не видно, так как он слегка замаскирован;
- к холсту прилагаются акриловые краски;
- ими закрашивается все пространство, как именно оно будет закрашено, какие изображения и цвета будут использоваться, значения не имеет;
- после того как раскрашенный холст подсыхает, на него наклеивается пленка;
- когда ее снимают, проступает портрет.
Вот так, легко и просто можно подготовить оригинальный сюрприз! Человек не подозревает, какое изображение было нанесено, в теории он даже не знает, что его ждет. Ему вручается чистый холст, который нужно раскрасить любым способом. Результат – потрясающий, эмоции – положительные, все довольны.
Естественно, ведь от «художника» скрыты некоторые детали, а именно:
- для начала выбирается фото или картинка, которая потом воплотится на холсте;
- затем она ретушируется, обрабатывается в фотошопе и превращается в черно-белый силуэт, состоящий из пятен;
- дизайнер убирает блики, подправляет дефекты, придает изображению готовый вид;
- после чего картинка переносится на пленку и вырезается плоттером;
- с помощью клейкого состава она приклеивается на прогрунтованный холст.
Основа для «чуда» готова, остается только закрасить ее любым способом, хоть абстрактными мазками, хоть простым пейзажем или натюрмортом. Даже дети смогут проявить свои способности и нарисовать все, что умеют. Главное – чтоб не осталось белых пятен. Когда подрамник высох, его заклеивают специальной пленкой. Именно она поможет снять трафарет. Результат – внезапно проступившее изображение. Даже если какой-то кусочек не снялся с первого раза, его можно снять вручную.
Оригинальность такого подарка не вызывает сомнений. Как и неожиданный эффект. Мастерские, использующие флип – флоп технологию, делают готовый к закрашиванию подрамник за пару дней. Достаточно прислать им фото, а затем утвердить макет изображения. Все остальное делают в мастерской. В комплект поставки входит сам холст, краски, пленка. По желанию заказчика выбирается упаковка.
Естественно, что идея быстро распространилась. На данный момент предлагаются разные варианты использования новой техники рисунка:
- подарок к торжественному событию (особо популярны фотографии, одиночные или групповые);
- логотипы фирм, допустим, для оригинальной презентации нового совместного проекта;
- тематические изображения для корпоративов.
В принципе, можно воплотить все, что угодно, главное – фантазия заказчика и качественные фотографии. Не обходится и без вопросов о том, как сделать флип-флоп рисунок своими руками в домашних условиях. Как оказалось, возможен и такой вариант.
What are the differences between latches and flip-flops?
| Latches | Flip-Flops |
| latches are built using gates | flip-flops can be made using latches |
| latches don’t have a clock input | flip flops have a clock input |
| latches change output as soon as there is a change in input. This means that they are asynchronous. | Flip flops change the output at the edge of a clock pulse. Flip-flops are synchronous. |
| latches are level-triggered | flip-flops are edge-triggered |
| Latches are naturally faster because they don’t have a clock. | Flip-flops are slower |
| Since they don’t have a clock, there is no need to route any clock signals carefully. Hence the design is simpler | When dealing with clock signals, you need to make sure that all the modules receiving the clock signal get it without a delay. Hence the routing of the clock needs to be smart and effective. This makes the design of flip-flops a bit more complex. |
| Low power consumption | High power consumption |
Latch Flip Flop
The R-S (Reset Set) flip flop is the simplest flip flop of all and easiest to understand. It is basically a device which has two outputs one output being the inverse or complement of the other, and two inputs. A pulse on one of the inputs to take on a particular logical state. The outputs will then remain in this state until a similar pulse is applied to the other input. The two inputs are called the Set and Reset input (sometimes called the preset and clear inputs).
Such flip flop can be made simply by cross coupling two inverting gates either NAND or NOR gate could be used Figure 1(a) shows on RS flip flop using NAND gate and Figure 1(b) shows the same circuit using NOR gate.
Figure 1: Latch R-S Flip Flop Using NAND and NOR Gates
To describe the circuit of Figure 1(a), assume that initially both R and S are at the logic 1 state and that output is at the logic 0 state.
Now, if Q = 0 and R = 1, then these are the states of inputs of gate B, therefore the outputs of gate B is at 1 (making it the inverse of Q i.e. 0). The output of gate B is connected to an input of gate A so if S = 1, both inputs of gate A are at the logic 1 state. This means that the output of gate A must be 0 (as was originally specified). In other words, the 0 state at Q is continuously disabling gate B so that any change in R has no effect. Also the 1 state at Q is continuously enabling gate A so that any change S will be transmitted through to Q. The above conditions constitute one of the stable states of the device referred to as the Reset state since Q = 0.
Now suppose that the R-S flip flop in the Reset state, the S input goes to 0. The output of gate A i.e. Q will go to 1 and with Q = 1 and R = 1, the output of gates B (Q) will go to 0 with Q now 0 gate A is disabled keeping Q at 1. Consequently, when S returns to the 1 state it has no effect on the flip flop whereas a change in R will cause a change in the output of gate B. The above conditions constitute the other stable state of the device, called the Set state since Q = 1. Note that the change of the state of S from 1 to 0 has caused the flip flop to change from the Reset state to the Set state.
There is another input condition which has not yet been considered. That is when both the R and S inputs are taken to the logic state 0. When this happens both Q and Qwill be forced to 1 and will remain so far as long as R and S are kept at 0. However when both inputs return to 1 there is no way of knowing whether the flip flop will latch in the Reset state or the Set state. The condition is said to be indeterminate because of this indeterminate state great care must be taken when using R-S flip flop to ensure that both inputs are not instructed simultaneously.
| Initial Conditions | Inputs (Pulsed) | Final Output | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q | S | R | Q | Q |
| 1 | indeterminate | |||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| indeterminate | ||||
| 1 | 1 | |||
| 1 | 1 | |||
| 1 | 1 | 1 |
or more simply shown in Table 2
| S | R | Q |
|---|---|---|
| indeterminate | ||
| 1 | Set (1) | |
| 1 | Reset(0) | |
| 1 | 1 | No Change |
When NOR gate are used the R and S inputs are transposed compared with the NAND version. Also the stable state when R and S are both 0. A change of state is effected by pulsing the appropriate input to the 1 state. The indeterminate state is now when both R and S are simultaneously at logic 1. Table 3 shows this operation.
| S | R | Q |
|---|---|---|
| No Change | ||
| 1 | Reset (0) | |
| 1 | Set (1) | |
| 1 | 1 | Indeterminate |
Clocked RS Flip Flop
The RS latch flip flop required the direct input but no clock. It is very use full to add clock to control precisely the time at which the flip flop changes the state of its output.
In the clocked R-S flip flop the appropriate levels applied to their inputs are blocked till the receipt of a pulse from an other source called clock. The flip flop changes state only when clock pulse is applied depending upon the inputs. The basic circuit is shown in Figure 2. This circuit is formed by adding two AND gates at inputs to the R-S flip flop. In addition to control inputs Set (S) and Reset (R), there is a clock input (C) also.
Figure 2: Clocked RS Flip Flop
| Initial Conditions | Inputs (Pulsed) | Final Output | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q | S | R | Q (t + 1) | No Change |
| No Change | ||||
| 1 | Clear Q | |||
| 1 | 1 | Set Q | ||
| 1 | 1 | ??? | indeterminate | |
| 1 | 1 | No Change | ||
| 1 | 1 | Clear Q | ||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | Set Q | |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | ??? | indeterminate |
The excitation table for R-S flip flop is very simply derived as given below
| S | R | Q |
|---|---|---|
| No Change | ||
| 1 | Reset (0) | |
| 1 | Set (1) | |
| 1 | 1 | Indeterminate |
Master-Slave JK Flip-Flop
The principle behind the master–slave JK flip-flop is similar to a master–slave D flip-flop. There can be master–slave flip-flops in all three types of flip-flops, SR, JK, and D. A Master-Slave JK flip-flop is obtained by cascading two flip-flops; the first is called the master and second is called the slave. The slave follows the master operation. The only difference being the clock signals given to master and clock that determine the output. The clock is connected to the slave through an inverter. The block diagram is shown as in figure below.
Master–Slave JK Flip-Flop
During the leading edge of the clock pulse, the data inputs are transferred to Q_{m} and \bar{Q_{m}} of the master. This state remains as long as the clock pulse is 0 at the slave. When the clock pulse goes negative on trailing edge the master becomes positive at the clock input of the slave and Q_{m} and \bar{Q_{m}} of the master flip data inputs are transferred to Q and \bar{Q} . This racing condition is averted as feedback from outputs that occurs for pulse at 0. Nevertheless it is to be noted that JK inputs should not be changed for the pulse duration which is overcome in master–slave flip-flop with data lock.
Диаграмма состояний для D-триггера | Диаграмма состояний D Флип-флоп | D Диаграмма состояний флип-флопа
Диаграмма состояний — это представление другого устойчивого состояния с переходом между состояниями с причиной перехода. Здесь каждый стабильный выход состояния D-триггера представлен кружком. Напротив, переход между состояниями представлен стрелкой между кружками, которая совмещена с причиной перехода.
Рис. Диаграмма состояний D-триггера
Когда состояние изменяется с 0 на 1, это вызвано входом D, который имеет высокий уровень, и когда состояние выхода равно 0, и в момент времени D = 0, который не вызывает изменений на выходе, стрелка с D = 0 начинается с состояния 0 и также возвращается в состояние 0.
How to design an SR Flip Flop?
An SR flip-flop is an extension of the SR latch. So let’s take our SR latch (NAND gates). Attach the outputs of two new NAND gates to the inputs of the SR latch. Apply a common clock input to the new NAND gates. The other inputs to the first and second new NAND gates are S and R, respectively. This is how we construct an SR flip-flop. We will finally, at the end of this working, tabulate the SR flip-flop truth table too.
As we know, flip-flops are edge-triggered devices. Which means that a clock input is necessary to enable them. More specifically, flip-flops take in or consider new inputs only at the edge of a clock pulse. This clock pulse can either be rising or falling.
Let’s start by plotting the truth table for various cases of inputs. Since we are using NAND gates, you might want to pull up in a new tab to refer to. Just in case you don’t remember it by heart.
CLOCK = 0; S, R = x
In the first case, we will apply no clock and see what happens. Refer to the logic diagram above. When no clock is given to the NAND gates, their outputs will have the logic 1. This is because, if you refer to the NAND gate’s truth table, for even a single low input, the output is high. So the outputs of the two NAND (A and B) gates are 1 regardless of the S and R inputs. These two outputs act as inputs to the next two NAND gates. Let’s call the top gate with output Q as gate x and the lower gate with Q’ output as gate y. Gate x has gate y’s output as input. Likewise, gate y has gate x’s output as input. Hence since they are NAND gates, we know Y = (A.B)’
Q = (1.Q’)’ and Q’ = (1.Q)’
Now there are two possible values for both Q and Q’. 0 and 1. Let’s put those two values in the above equations and see what we get.
Case 1: When Q = 1; Q’ = 0
Q = (1.0)’ = 1 and Q’ = 0. This means that the flip-flop is retaining it’s values. Hence, it is acting as a memory holding device.
Case 2: When Q = 0; Q’ = 1
Putting in the equations above
Q = (1.1)’ = 0 and Q’ = 1. In this case too, the flip-flop is retaining its previous values.
Hence as a whole, we can say that when the clock input is 0, the SR flip-flop is switched OFF, and the SR flip-flop retains its previous values and acts as a memory holding device.
Now let’s move on and provide a clock input to the SR flip-flop to actually get it started.
CLOCK = 1; S, R = 0
Let the S and R inputs be 0. In the previous case, the clock input was 0, and the outputs of the gates A and B was 1. This case is quite similar. S and R are 0; the clock is 1. Thus the outputs of both the NAND gates will be 1, and the same scenario as above will repeat itself. Hence we can say that when the clock is high, and the inputs to the SR flip-flop are 0, the SR flip-flop retains its previous values and acts as a memory device.
CLOCK = 1; S = 0, R = 1
In this case, the output of gate A will be 1 (refer to NAND truth table; any one low output means output is high). The output of gate B will be 0, as both inputs are 1. Hence the outputs of gate X and gate Y are shown below, respectively.
Q = (1.Q’)’ and
Q’ = (0.Q)’ = this is always going to be 1 because of the 0 input.
Hence
Q = (1.1)’ = 0
Thus for S = 0; R = 1, outputs are Q = 0; Q’ = 1. Hence, we can say that there is a change of state in this configuration. This is one of the two stable states of the SR flip-flop.
CLOCK = 1; S = 1, R = 0
Alright, so now you should be able to do this by yourself. Try it out. It’s an important skill to have as we progress to understand other flip-flops.
The output of gate A will be 0 as S and clock are both high. The output of gate B will be 1 as R is 0. Thus we will get the following equations for the outputs of gates X and Y.
Q = (0.Q’)’ = 1
Q’ = (1.Q)’ = 0
Thus for S = 1; R = 0 we get Q = 1 and Q’ = 0. Hence, we can say that there is a change of state in this configuration. This is the second and final of the two stable states of the SR flip-flop.
CLOCK = 1; S = 1, R = 1
The output of both the gates, A and B, will be 0. Thus the output of both the gates X and Y will be 1. This is not possible, and hence this configuration is not allowed. Now we can summarize these in a truth table.
| CLK | S | R | Q | Q’ |
| x | x | Qprv | Q’prv | |
| 1 | Qprv | Q’prv | ||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – |
Introduction — Clocked SR Flip-Flop
The clocked SR flip-flop shown in consists of a basic NOR
flip-flop and two AND gates. The outputs of the two AND gates remain at 0 as long as the
clock pulse (or CP) is 0, regardless of the S and R input values. When the clock pulse goes
to 1, information from the S and R inputs passes through to the basic flip-flop. With both
S=1 and R=1, the occurrence of a clock pulse causes both outputs to momentarily go to 0.
When the pulse is removed, the state of the flip-flop is indeterminate, ie., either state
may result, depending on whether the set or reset input of the flip-flop remains a 1 longer
than the transition to 0 at the end of the pulse.
(a) Logic diagram
(b) Truth table
Figure 4. Clocked SR flip-flop
J-K Flip Flop
The circuit diagram and truth-table of a J-K flip flop is shown below.
J-K Flip Flop
A J-K flip flop can also be defined as a modification of the S-R flip flop. The only difference is that the intermediate state is more refined and precise than that of a S-R flip flop.
The behavior of inputs J and K is same as the S and R inputs of the S-R flip flop. The letter J stands for SET and the letter K stands for CLEAR.
When both the inputs J and K have a HIGH state, the flip-flop switch to the complement state. So, for a value of Q = 1, it switches to Q=0 and for a value of Q = 0, it switches to Q=1.
The circuit includes two 3-input AND gates. The output Q of the flip flop is returned back as a feedback to the input of the AND along with other inputs like K and clock pulse . So, if the value of CP is ‘1’, the flip flop gets a CLEAR signal and with the condition that the value of Q was earlier 1. Similarly output Q’ of the flip flop is given as a feedback to the input of the AND along with other inputs like J and clock pulse . So the output becomes SET when the value of CP is 1 only if the value of Q’ was earlier 1.
The output may be repeated in transitions once they have been complimented for J=K=1 because of the feedback connection in the JK flip-flop. This can be avoided by setting a time duration lesser than the propagation delay through the flip-flop. The restriction on the pulse width can be eliminated with a master-slave or edge-triggered construction.
How to design a T Flip-Flop?
The T in T flip-flop stands for toggle. This implies that the output will change from the previous value with a change in the input. We can construct a T flip-flop using a JK flip-flop.
Working of a T flip-flop
When 0 is given at the input T, we get the output equivalent to the 00 input of the JK flip-flop. Which is, no change. This means that at an input of 0, the T flip-flop shows whatever the value was present at the output earlier. It could be 0 or 1.
When 1 is given at the input T, we get the output equivalent to the 11 input of the JK flip-flop. That is, toggle. This means that at an input of 1, the T flip-flop inverts whatever the previous value was present at the output earlier. It could be 0 or 1.
An implementation of the T flip-flop truth table that shows the meaning of toggle output
| CLK | T | Q | Q’ |
| 1 | 1 | ||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| 1 | 1 | ||
| 1 | 1 | 1 |
Toggle means to switch from whatever the last value was. The T flip-flop toggles at an input of 1. So if the previous output was 0, it toggles to 1 at an input of 1. If the previous output was 1, it toggles to 0 at an input of 1. And when 0 is the input, it shows no change in the output that was available previously.
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